ABSTRACT
The history of thyroid surgery has been well documented for more than 200 years.Surgeons got to know and understood the physiological function and disease of the thyroid and parathyroid in their surgical practice,and established the basic principles of operation after examining the homeostasis law of this particular endocrine organ.These basic principles of thyroid surgery rooted from their long historical facts and many related technique concepts.This article tempted to make five phases division of thyroid surgery regarding core concepts and basic principles.Through the division of five phases,the anatomical and functional cognition process of thyroid,parathyroid and laryngeal nerve were restored,and the progress of thyroid surgery technology in the history.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze CD+4 CDHi25 CDLo127 regulatory T cells (Treg) in peripheral blood of patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer and their change regularity, and to investigate the immunosuppression mechanism. Methods The peripheral blood was collected from 175 patients with thyroid nodules, including 43 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and 132 patients with nodular goiter.By using monoclonal antibodies, the blood samples were evaluated with the flow cytomertry for lymphocyte subsets and Treg cells. Results The results showed the prevalence of the CD+4 CDHi25 CDLo127 Treg in differentiated thyroid cancer group [(6.48±1.49) %] and nodular goiter group [(6.23+1.67) %] was higher than those in the healthy group [(5.62±1.48) %], and the difference was significant(P < 0.005), but there was no significant difference between the nodular goiter group and differentiated thyroid cancer group (P >0.005).Conclusion It is concluded that the relative increase of CD+4 CDHi25 CDLo127 Treg in peripheral blood of patients with nodular goiter and differentiated thyroid cancer may be related to immunosuppression and tumor progression.